The electric car is environmentally friendly?

Invented around the year 1830 by Scotsman Robert Anderson, the electric car has made its first appearance in the form of a cart. This creation revealing the mechanics in the world has aroused the curiosity of many inventors, if we cite only the American Thomas Davenport and William Morrison and the French Plante. Fascinated, they decided to develop the concept of the electric car. The first real electric car unveiled in broad daylight in 1891. Since this first step, the electric vehicle has ceased to be the subject of interest for lovers of mechanical, until today.

The electric car operates from three main elements. We distinguish an energy source that is other than the battery, motor, and a control system. Energy is drawn through a single outlet. It is then returned to the battery which stores and the engine can run. The latter may be of alternating or direct current as appropriate. Its operation is optimized by the control system which also plays the role of controller. On average, the electric vehicle has a range of a few hours. If the driver keeps an average speed of 80 or 90 km / h, it can travel a hundred miles before being run out of energy. The energy supply can be from an electrical outlet 16 amps. In recent years, charging stations are arranged in the streets of major cities.Drivers can recharge their cars are paying a certain amount through cards. Some roads are also equipped with charging stations, but most countries do not have yet.

The electric car is very convenient, especially with regard to the economic side, the cost of fuel often being revised upward. It is also known as an ecological means of transportation, but with the development of significant pollution, environmental permit themselves to doubt that this feature is assigned.

The question then arises the fact that the electric car is actually green or not. Although this type of vehicle is considered to be the solution in the fight against pollution, it may as well play the role of polluter.Indeed, since its production, it can already provide its share of pollution in the example of the manufacture of the fuel cell. This requires that the hydrogen production is from a chemical reaction of oil.This creates a very different gases emission pollutants, if we cite only carbon dioxide. The electricity storage by the battery is also involved in the pollution of the air, but the degree and nature of the latter depend on the type of energy used for the production of electricity.

The electric car also emits a significant amount of carbon dioxide during its operation. Of studies have shown that the vehicle can be identified in 40 grams of CO2 per kilometer, within 4 pounds of gas per 100 kilometers. The electric car can be considered as an element within the polluter recycling, including recycling of this all battery cells, which largely polluting substances like chemicals most harmful.

However, the electric car also features bold green. Requiring no fuel, it does not mean many chemical reactions, in contrast to vehicles with internal combustion engines. It is also environmentally friendly in the sense that the production of hydrogen is by electrolysis of water. The emission of pollutants is thus minimized. The characteristics of the electric car is not yet complete to meet the criteria of a true ecology.However, this type of car is already contributing to the fight against pollution and it still has a bright future ahead of him.

History of the electric car

The protection and preservation of the environment and energy saving are the hallmarks of this twenty-first century. This ecological objective can not be achieved without radical changes in human activities most polluting. Among these include the means of transport most used by man: the car. For example, concerning the rate of emissions of pollutants, if we cite only carbon dioxide or CO2, and only in the case of the region of Ile de France, road transport is responsible for Issue 14 396.9 kilotonnes per year against 11 075.8 for industry.

Among the solutions proposed by car manufacturers, there are cars running on bio-fuels such as gasoline to ethanol, those using solar energy or operating with a battery, ie electric cars.

Contrary to some misconceptions, the electric car is not the result of ecological thinking of the twenty-first century but has been tested and operated since the genesis of the automotive industry. Competition between the electric motor and the gas engine does not date from yesterday and the dumb passed by the first type of engine for almost a century is that the supplier of electrical power, namely the battery was too very heavy bulky. About its central charge, they were almost non-existent and electric motors were considered too quiet, so dangerous for pedestrians. But the real reason the motor was forgotten by the automotive industry is the invention of "crank" or automatic starter designed for the gas engine.

The first appearance of the vehicle qualified electrical imprecise. Although some sources state that it dates back to around 1830 and was the invention of a Scottish named Robert Anderson. At that time, the work of the latter corresponded to more than one vehicle a cart. Robert Anderson then gave way to an American by the name of Thomas Davenport whose invention was closer to a locomotive.

In 1859, Gaston Plante invented the first rechargeable lead acid, a finding that will be very useful for future electric cars.

In 1881 appears the actual first car of this type and it is the work of a certain J. Raffard. He had not only designed the craft but also the machine to recharge the battery. An invention that will be challenged by Thomas Parker in 1884, who says he is the author of the first electric car and proves it with a picture support. Other studies argue that this is an American named William Morrison in 1891, was the forerunner in the industry. In fact, he invented the first electric vehicle to be marketed.

The first electric car to exceed the speed of 100 km / h was referred to as "Jamais Contente" and was built in Belgium in 1899. It was equipped with Michelin tires and adopted as a torpedo.

In the 1900s, more than a third of existing vehicles worldwide were electric and this is also the renaissance of petrol engines which resulted in the introduction on the market of Ford Model T. Around 1912, the sale of electric vehicles was in decline due to the accessibility of the essence, the very high price of these types of car compared to petrol and especially the low speed and autonomy of the latter.

After more than 60 years of slumber, the concept of the electric car resurfaced in 1972 with the invention by Victor Wouk the first hybrid car of this twentieth century called Buick Skylark. An initiative taken by the Golf mark in 1974 that this show Vanguard-Sebring CitiCar the first car manufacturer mainly electrical.

In 1976, the U.S. Congress gave a boost to the concept through a project that will promote research in building electric cars. An initiative of the word by the manufacturer General Motors which influences the output of the model EV1.

In 1990, several projects compete and generate multiple output prototypes. Between 1996 and 2000, several models will be the one whose 1117 General Motors EV1, the Toyota Prius, a hybrid, like the Chevrolet S-10.

Between 2000 and 2006, the concept was again silent for a strong comeback with the trend "eco" and "bio" of our time. Several prototypes are advertised favorites in this race to the fully electric vehicle such as the Nissan EV-11 or Lotus cities of Lotus Engineering.

Mobile Dictation On Phones

By Thom Michaels

Mobile applications are the buzz with young and old people alike. The common comment 
you hear is --"there's an app for that." Yes, indeed there is an application for nearly everything 
a person wants. Even highly technical software and programs are being created in mobile
 app form so users can get the most use of their technology on the go. If a company doesn't
 go mobile, then they lag behind others. Mobility is the present and the future.

Major dictation software offered for numerous professionals is now offered on iPhone, Android and Blackberry. Now, professionals can enjoy dictation technology on their smartphone from wherever and whenever. Having such powerful technology allows the professional to be productive on the go and keep up with numerous tasks. Mobility is important for industries today and service providers. Professionals need to keep up with the latest information, data and reports, and having dictation software on a mobile device keeps everything at a professional's fingertips.

Mobile applications are scrutinized because of design, functionality and use; however, ASP mobile dictation is highly functional and designed with the user in mind. This isn't a cheap application found on most mobile devices. This application is professionally designed to provide professional results.

Let's explore a few specifics of this ASP service and application:

- The application interface is developed with crisp navigation and smooth transitions. Users will find everything they need right where they need it. Every option and function is easy to find and easy to use.

- Also, this dictation application capitalizes on the use of touch-screen controls. A touch screen creates a unique dictation experience and provides more fluidity for the user.

- Options to encrypt files to keep information safe and secure. Never know when you need to protect recorded information and when you do, the application allows quick password encryption. Record, save and keep information secure.

- File editing controls are available on the application for quick and handy editing ability on the go. Obtain information, edit recordings and share them all on the go.

- Connectivity is a huge aspect of mobility. Having an application that accomplishes a certain task is important, but being able to share and connect information wirelessly is even more important. Files can be share directly from a mobile device to another or to a computer. Professionals never have to connect their mobile device to a computer to access files. Files on the application can be easily shared straight from the device.

How Flying Cars Will Work

For over a hundred years, right from the time when airplanes were invented, people have worked on inventing a 'flying car'. It is only now, when science and technology have reached greater heights, that the dream of the common man owning his own personal air vehicle seems to be plausible. One of the biggest proofs of this new reality is the stamp of approval given by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) for the mass production of Terrafugia's personal air vehicle, Transition. So to know how exactly this personal air vehicle will work, let us start from the basics.

Basics of Flying Cars

A flying car, as the name implies, is a vehicle that can be flown in the air and used on the roads. That means, it obviously has to have the basic characteristics of an aircraft (like propellers) and a car (like road tires). It would have to be light enough to fly in the air and strong enough to move on the road. Because a flying car would have the ability to land and drive, it would have to be able to take the impact of hitting the road and then moving on it uninterrupted, smoothly. Besides, it would have to be installed with additional safety features before being released for the public use.

Working of Modern Flying Cars

Though we commonly use 'flying cars' and 'roadable aircraft' as synonyms, they have a slight difference (which is easy to spot). Flying cars are cars adapted to fly while roadable aircraft are aircraft adapted to be used on the road. The inventors of the early flying cars worked more on adapting a car to fly in the air while the recent inventions of flying cars have been in adapting an aircraft for asphalt roads.

Whatever may be the case, a modern personal air vehicle will need to have the following modified features (all related to the basics discussed before):

Engines

These engines should have enough horsepower to lift the vehicle into the air and at the same time, be capable of providing controlled power for the vehicle to move on the road. The flying car will need to have an extra engine, if there is an engine failure during a flight.

Aircraft Propellers

Because the vehicle will be flying, it will obviously need the propellers (aircraft blades and wings) found on every aircraft. But as these wings will not be needed on the roads (obviously), they will have to be either easily detachable or foldable.

Landing Gear

To land the flying car on the ground, it will have to be fitted with the essentials found in the cockpit of a normal aircraft. It would have to be able to take the impact from the road and be able to balance itself to be used on the road.

Material

Needless to say, a flying car will have to be lightweight, yet have adequate ground mobility. While on the roads, a vehicle is more likely to be damaged but a slight damage on an aircraft can prove to be dangerous. So the material used in a flying car should be both light and strong.

Design

A road vehicle needs greater flexibility than an aircraft. An aircraft needs to be aerodynamically designed for better flight. The conclusion? A flying car should be small enough to fit on the road and big enough to fly. The requirements increase if the said personal air vehicle has to be parked in a house garage!

Fuel

If the oil crisis of the 90's hadn't occurred, Ford Motors would have marketed the world's first flying car (Fulton's Aerocar), at that time. The point here is, with the increase in fuel prices and decreased availability of fuels, a flying car will have to be run on eco-friendly, safe and inexpensive fuel, for better success in the market.

Safety Features

The reason aircraft manufactures haven't invested much in trying to offer low-cost private aircraft has probably got to do something with safety issues related to flight. Air accidents are more dangerous and fatal than road accidents. So if the inventors of a flying car are aiming the market of the masses, they will have to make it safe. For that, they will have to include features like safety cages, air bags, parachutes and/or crush zones, etc., (yes, they will still have to watch their flying car's weight!) in a personal air vehicle.

Flight Assistance

Being a pilot is not everyone's piece of cake. If it were, the drop rates of Pilot Training in America wouldn't be 50%. Add to that, the stringent rules laid by FAA for any pilot license and you have a major problem for companies that want to produce personal air vehicles. One way to avoid this is by making the vehicle fully computer controlled. Then the owner will have to put in the destination code or address in a GPS (or something similar) and the personal air vehicle will automatically fly to the destination. Apart from this, air control and airport help will also be required for the flying cars.

Because of all the requirements needed for it to work, a functional flying car might seem complicated and difficult, but it is certainly not impossible. For those who still think that flying cars are just a modern-day fad, here's a thought: Horace Rackham (Henry Ford's lawyer) was advised by the President of the Michigan Savings Bank that, "The horse is here to stay but the automobile is only a novelty, a fad", when he wanted to invest $5000 into the 'automobile' company in 1901. How the 'fad' earned more than 12 million dollars for Horace is history. The world, in all probability, will have flying cars in the air before the end of this decade.

By Christie J.

The New iPad Features

With first batches shipping out by March 16, this year, it would be prudent to order yours right now. Here is a compilation of the top 6 features on the iPad that sets it apart from its predecessors.

Before we begin, there are just a few things I'd like to mention. The new iPad does not have Siri on it. Although it does have a basic voice dictation system, users (including me; it's always tricky to type on digital keypads) will be disappointed to know that Apple has not packed in Siri into the list of features. Also, with the unveiling of the new iPad, the price for iPad 2 has been cut by $100, which makes it on sale for $399.

It is unclear as to how long the iPad 2 will stay in the market after the new iPad's shipping, but for those who love Apple and yet can't afford their high-end goods all the time, this is certainly something to smile about.

Top 6 Features on the New iPad


The Retina Display

The iPad 2 had a great display of 1,024 x 768. So what about the new iPad? Why not double the pixels! With a high-definition 2,048 x 1,536 pixels, Apple has jokingly asked users to try to distinguish the different pixels. I mean, 3.1 million pixels that give you unparalleled picture viewing capability with super smooth zoom features! This is fairly new in terms of display technology, something that you as a consumer should think over before going out and buying the new iPad.

High Powered Hardware

Most would fawn over the display and rush out to buy the new iPad already. But if you're not that convinced and are still reading, chances are you're looking for more power than glamor. The new iPad brings the dual-core 1GHz Apple A5X, with a quad-core GPU. This means the new iPad has, just like the display, twice the computing power than the iPad 2. Which also means that it's almost four times faster than a Tegra 3 processor. Unsurprisingly, they've also added more RAM to support the processor and the display. The new tally comes to a sweet 1GB of RAM, which is twice the amount put in the iPad 2. Again, there isn't anything 'new' in the new iPad, but the upgraded systems definitely boost your work output. This is also something that basic users may want to overlook. If you're not going to use the processor to the full, you may want to skip this product till Apple develops something better. If you're not a total Apple fan and think the price is too much, there are alternatives to the iPad that you can try.

4G LTE

Your choices are either AT&T or Verizon. A 4G LTE connectivity on a mobile device makes the new iPad a very powerful tool in the right hands. Ultrafast high-definition video play and data transactions are a piece of cake for the new iPad. Now what do you do if you think all this speed is too much to ask for? You share it, of course! With the Personal Hotspot feature integrated with the new iPad, you can now link up to 5 devices to your iPad, through Wi-Fi, Bluetooth or the USB. The iPad is world ready and it's fairly easy to start your own personal hotspot; just make sure it remains secure and you're good to go. This is definitely a high-tech feature that is useful to a lot of users.

Looks and Feel
The iPad maintains the same 9.5 x 7.31 inches of size, making it very comfortable for iPad 2 users to switch to the new iPad. What is different is the weight and feel. The thickness of the new iPad is 0.37 inches deep, which is 0.04 inches thicker than the iPad 2. The 4G version weighs at 1.46 lbs, but this is a minor problem (if you consider it a problem at all), considering the display and speed that you get.

Apps and Photo Tools

The new iPad again bests the iPad 2, with the 5-megapixel rear-facing iSight camera, which allows you to take 1,080 HD videos. This is a lot compared to the now laughable 720p video recording on the iPad 2. As usual, seamless programming allows you to use the Photo Tools app (available at the store for $4.99) to edit and modify the videos and pictures you take, as well as sending them over to other Apple devices, uploading on social networking sites or storing them in the iCloud. Photo Tools also let you create photo journals for you to keep track of, as you keep adding more stuff to it.

In addition, Apple has announced a new range of apps that will match the display and processing speed of the new iPad, along with upgrading the existing apps to function better on the new iPad.

Battery Life
Apple has decidedly left no stone unturned with the new iPad, offering 10 hours of battery life (9 hours for the 4G version). This is the same as the battery life for iPad 2; 10 hours for the basic iPad 2, 9 hours for iPad 3G. With all the things you can do on an iPad, a 10-hour battery life is definitely something you'd want.

The 16GB LTE model is priced at $649, with the regular Wi-Fi model for $519. Each model's price increases by about $100 and $200 for the 32GB and 64GB ones, respectively. Simplicity will dictate that the new iPad is an upgrade from the iPad 2, but it remains quite an upgrade. This means two things - one, if you're not doing anything too hardcore that you truly need the new iPad for, the iPad 2 is sufficient enough for now. It should be good enough till Apple comes out with something comparatively new to the tablet scene. The second thing is that, the reason basic users would want to buy the new iPad would be the smooth file sharing, Apple TV viewing and faster iCloud connectivity.


By Arun Prabhu